Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction networks based on nuclear proteomics data of the desiccation-tolerant Xerophyta schlechteri leaves subjected to dehydration stress.

In order to understand the mechanism of desiccation tolerance in Xerophyta schlechteri, we carried out an in silico study to identify hub proteins and functional modules in the nuclear proteome of the leaves. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed and analyzed from proteome data obtained from Abdalla and Rafudeen. We constructed networks in Cytoscape using the GeneMania software and analyzed them using a Network Analyzer. Functional enrichment analysis of key proteins in the respective networks was done using GeneMania network enrichment analysis, and GO (Gene Ontology) terms were summarized using REViGO. Also, community analysis of differentially expressed proteins was conducted using the Cytoscape Apps, GeneMania and ClusterMaker. Functional modules associated with the communities were identified using an online tool, ShinyGO. We identified HSP 70-2 as the super-hub protein among the up-regulated proteins. On the other hand, 40S ribosomal protein S2-3 (a protein added by GeneMANIA) was identified as a super-hub protein associated with the down-regulated proteins. For up-regulated proteins, the enriched biological process terms were those associated with chromatin organization and negative regulation of transcription. In the down-regulated protein-set, terms associated with protein synthesis were significantly enriched. Community analysis identified three functional modules that can be categorized as chromatin organization, anti-oxidant activity and metabolic processes.

Unlocking the potential of CRISPR technology for improving livelihoods in Africa.

Africa is burdened with food shortages and plant, animal and human diseases. Some of these can be ameliorated by adopting genome editing technologies such as CRISPR. This technology is considered better than its predecessors, Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), because it is cheaper, easy to use, has high gene modification efficiency and is less time consuming. CRISPR technology has wide applications in the African context ranging from crop and animal improvement to disease diagnosis and treatment as well as improving food shelf life, organoleptic properties and food safety. It has the potential to bring back species of organisms that are extinct. However, some African countries have not taken advantage of the potential of CRISPR to solve many of their problems. This paper explores possible applications of CRISPR towards improvement of African livelihoods.